⚡️ Robot Fighting Electronics: The Ultimate 2026 Guide to Arena-Ready Power

You’ve built the chassis, welded the armor, and chosen your weapon, but have you forgotten the heart of your machine? In the high-stakes world of robot fighting electronics, a single loose wire or an undersized ESC can turn a championship contender into a lifeless hunk of metal in seconds. We’ve all been there: the heart-pounding moment when the arena lights dim, the referee signals “Go,” and your bot simply refuses to move. It’s a humbling experience, but it’s also the catalyst for mastery. This isn’t just about soldering wires; it’s about engineering a nervous system that can withstand the brutal impacts of the arena while delivering split-second precision.

From the humble beginnings of salvaged toy car boards to the cutting-edge AM32 firmware revolution, the landscape of combat robotics has evolved at breakneck speed. In this comprehensive guide, we’re diving deep into the guts of the sport, dissecting everything from the legendary Malenki Nano Dual to the beastly Just Cuz Pariah 70A. We’ll reveal why a simple Power Supply Protector saved our team from a humiliating pit fall and how choosing the right connector can mean the difference between a clean victory and a catastrophic short circuit. Whether you’re building your first 1lb antweight or upgrading a 3lb beetleweight, the secrets to arena dominance are hidden in the details of your electronics bay.

Ready to stop guessing and start dominating? By the end of this article, you’ll know exactly which ESCs to trust, how to wire your power distribution for maximum durability, and the critical safety checks that keep you and your bot in the fight. Don’t let a brownout be your undoing—let’s power up!

Key Takeaways

• Firmware is King: Modern combat robotics relies heavily on AM32 and BLHeli_32 firmware for superior control, instant reversing, and thermal management, outperforming older proprietary systems.
• Safety First: Never underestimate the importance of Power Supply Protectors (PSPs) and robust Power Distribution Boards (PDBs) to prevent catastrophic brownouts and voltage spikes during impacts.
• Component Matching: Success depends on meticulously matching your ESC amperage and voltage ratings to your specific motor and battery configuration; oversizing is always safer than undersizing.
• Connectors Matter: Using the correct connectors (XT30 for antweights, XT60 for beetleweights) and high-quality silicone wire is non-negotiable for reliable power delivery under extreme stress.
• Start Simple: For beginners, a brushed drive system with a reliable dual-ESC or mixer is the most robust path to learning, reserving complex brushless weapon systems for later builds.

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Table of Contents

• ⚡️ Quick Tips and Facts
• 🤖 The Evolution of Robot Fighting Electronics: From Hobbyist Gears to AM32 Dominance
• 🔌 Choosing the Right Speed Controller (ESC): Brushed vs. Brushless & AM32 vs. BLHeli
• 🏆 Top Tier ESC Showdown: The Heavy Hitters of the Arena
• 1. The Malenki Legacy: Nano Dual+ and the “Super Malenki” Phenomenon
• 2. Scorpion Series: CL, Mini, and Nano Dual for Precision Control
• 3. Just Cuz Robotics: WEKA, Pariah, RevitRC, and the Motherboard Revolution
• 4. E-Power Aria: The AM32 and BLHeli_32 Powerhouses (35A, 40A, 70A)
• 5. FingerTech & Flycolor: Reliable Workhorses for Antweights and Beyond
• 6. Repeat Robotics: Dual AM32, Plug-and-Play DESC, and Series/Parallel Boards
• 7. Niche Contenders: Grey Skies, ReadytoSky, and the Tiny ESC v3
• ⚙️ Power Distribution & Safety: PD Boards, Switches, and Protectors
• 1. Mastering the PD Board: Just Cuz, Repeat, and Custom Solutions
• 2. The Critical Role of Power Supply Protectors: Small vs. Medium
• 3. Switches and UBECs: Keeping Your Logic Clean and Safe
• 🔋 Battery Management & Connectors: XT30, XT60, and JST Mastery
• 🛠️ Essential Tools & Wiring: Connectors, Heat Shrink, and Programers
• 🧠 Advanced Electronics: Mixers, Receivers, and All-in-One Boards
• 🚀 Building Your First Combat Robot Electronics: A Step-by-Step Guide
• ❓ Troubleshooting Common Electronic Failures in the Arena
• 🏁 Conclusion
• 🔗 Recommended Links
• 📚 Reference Links

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⚡️ Quick Tips and Facts

Welcome, aspiring bot builders and seasoned arena veterans! At Robot
Fighting™, we live and breathe the thunderous clashes and sparks flying in the world of combat robotics. We’ve seen countless bots rise and fall, and one truth remains constant: your electronics are the heart and soul of your machine. Without robust
, well-chosen, and expertly wired components, even the most ingenious design is destined for the scrap heap. So, let’s dive into some quick, hard-hitting facts to get your circuits buzzing!

• ESCs are the Brain
  s (and Brawn!) 🧠: Electronic Speed Controllers (ESCs) aren’t just fancy switches; they’re the vital link between your radio commands and your motors. They translate your joystick wiggles into precise drive movements
  and unleash the fury of your weapon systems. Choosing the right ESC, matched to your robot’s voltage, amperage, and motor type, is paramount for preventing “brownouts, stalls, and mid-fight failures”.
• Brushed vs. Brushless: Know Your Motors! ⚙️: This isn’t just a preference; it’s a fundamental design choice. Brushed motors are often simpler and cheaper, great for drive in
  smaller bots. Brushless motors, however, offer immense power and efficiency, making them the undisputed champions for spinning weapons. Don’t mix them up – a brushless ESC won’t run a brushed motor, and vice-versa!

AM32 & BLHeli_32: The Modern Standard ✨: Gone are the days of basic, clunky ESCs. Modern combat robotics heavily relies on firmware like AM32 and BLHeli_32. These
offer advanced features, smoother control, and incredible configurability, giving you the edge in the arena.

• Power Distribution is NOT Optional! ⚡️: Your bot will “slam, flip, and vibrate”. A messy wiring job or flimsy power distribution board (PDB) is an open invitation for disaster. “Good wiring is one of the easiest ways to boost durability and keep your bot fighting”. Invest in quality
  connectors, robust wire, and a solid PDB to ensure consistent power delivery under extreme stress.
• Safety First, Always! 🛡️: Before you even think about powering up, remember the golden rule of robot combat
  : safety. This means proper power switches, battery protection, and understanding your robot’s potential energy. We’ve seen too many close calls that could have been avoided with a little foresight. Always build and test in a safe environment, and consider
  starting with a pusher bot if you’re new to the sport.
• Receiver & Transmitter: Your Remote Control Link 📡: A reliable 2.4GHz radio system is non-negotiable.
  Look for transmitters with channel mixing to make driving intuitive, freeing up a stick for weapon control. This small “tweak yield[s] big benefits” and makes a huge difference in maneuverability.

Antweight vs. Beetleweight: Scale Matters! 🐜🐞: The size and weight class of your robot dictate the scale of your electronics. What works for a 1lb antweight might be woefully inadequate for a
3lb beetleweight, let alone a heavyweight. Always check component ratings against your robot’s requirements.

🤖 The Evolution of Robot Fighting Electronics: From Hobbyist Gears to AM32 Dominance

Ah, the good
old days! We remember when building a combat robot often started with a trip to the toy store, not the specialized robotics shop. Back then, “salvaging electronics from toy RC cars” was a rite of passage for many beginners. You’d hunt for those chunky circuit boards with “tank drive” functionality and hope for selectable frequencies to avoid interference. It was a charming, if sometimes frustrating, era of ingenuity born from necessity.

The early days of robot fighting
, particularly in the lighter weight classes, were a wild west of cobbled-together components. Builders would often replace the flimsy toy motors with more robust options like GM3 Solarbotics gearmotors, reversing wires if a motor spun the wrong way. This approach, while budget-friendly, often limited designs to simpler “wedge bot” or “pusher” configurations, as weapon safety with salvaged electronics was, shall we say, challenging.

But oh, how times have changed! The landscape of robot fighting electronics has undergone a radical transformation, fueled by advancements in drone technology, open-source firmware, and a passionate community of builders pushing the boundaries. We’ve witnessed
a rapid evolution from those rudimentary toy guts to highly specialized, high-performance components that are designed from the ground up to withstand the brutal demands of the arena.

The most significant shift has been the move towards dedicated Electronic Speed Controllers (ESCs) and
sophisticated firmware. Early hobby-grade ESCs were often adapted from RC cars or planes, sometimes lacking crucial features like instant reversing or dynamic braking, which are essential for precise robot control. The advent of BLHeli firmware, initially
for multi-rotors, brought a new level of smoothness and configurability.

Then came the AM32 revolution! This open-source firmware, specifically optimized for combat robotics, has truly changed the game. AM32 ESC
s offer unparalleled control, advanced braking modes, and robust performance under the extreme loads generated by powerful weapon motors. They’ve become the gold standard for competitive builders, allowing for finer tuning and more aggressive driving styles. This isn’t just about
faster robots; it’s about smarter robots, capable of executing complex maneuvers and delivering devastating weapon blows with precision. The days of hoping your toy car board could handle a weapon are long gone; today, we demand purpose
-built powerhouses! To learn more about the design principles behind these machines, check out our section on Robot Design and Engineering.

🔌 Choosing the Right Speed Controller (ESC): Brushed vs. Brushless & AM32 vs. BLHeli

Alright, let’s get down to the nitty-gritty: the Electronic Speed Controller, or ESC. This
is arguably the most critical electronic component in your combat robot, acting as the translator between your radio receiver and your motors. Think of it as the nervous system, relaying commands from the brain (you!) to the muscles (your motors). But
not all ESCs are created equal, and choosing the right one is paramount for your bot’s performance and survival.

Brushed vs. Brushless: The Great Motor Divide

This is the first, and perhaps most fundamental, decision you’
ll make when selecting an ESC.

✅ Brushed ESCs for Brushed DC Motors

• How they work: Brushed DC motors are simpler in construction, typically having two wires (+ and -). Brushed ESCs control the
  speed and direction by rapidly switching the polarity and varying the voltage to these two wires.
• Best for:
• Drive motors in smaller robots (Antweight, Beetleweight): They are often more cost-effective and
  simpler to implement for basic drive systems. Many beginner kits, like those based on the “Maker’s Muse” pushbot tutorial, utilize brushed motors for simplicity.
• Actuators: Lif
  ters, clamps, or other mechanisms that require precise, low-speed movement.
• Beginners: The wiring is generally straightforward, making them a good entry point. The first YouTube video tutorial even suggests using brushed ESCs for
  drive motors, noting that some can power two motors and offer built-in channel mixing.
• Pros: Simpler, generally less expensive, often include a Battery Elimination Circuit (BEC) to power your
  receiver directly.
• Cons: Less efficient, can generate more heat, brushes wear out over time, lower power density compared to brushless.
• Our Take: For antweight and beetleweight drive
  , especially if you’re just starting, brushed ESCs are a solid, reliable choice. They offer predictable control and are forgiving for newcomers.

✅ Brushless ESCs for Brushless Motors

• How they work
  : Brushless motors are more complex, typically having three wires. They require a brushless ESC to create a rotating magnetic field that electronically commutates the motor, eliminating the need for physical brushes. This results in higher efficiency and power.

Best for:

• Weapon motors (spinners, drums, flippers): This is where brushless motors truly shine. Their incredible power-to-weight ratio and high RPM capabilities make them ideal for delivering devastating blows
  . The first YouTube video explicitly states that brushless motors are “very powerful and often used for spinning weapons”.
• High-performance drive in larger robots: While less common in ant/beetleweights
  due to complexity and cost, larger bots often use brushless for drive.
• Pros: Extremely powerful, highly efficient, durable (no brushes to wear out), precise control with modern firmware.
• Cons: More expensive
  , often require more complex setup, many lack a reverse function (crucial to verify if considering for drive), generally do not include a BEC.
• Our Take: If you’re building a spinner
  or any bot with a high-impact weapon, a brushless setup is non-negotiable. The raw power and reliability are unmatched. Just remember to check for reversing capabilities if you’re thinking outside the weapon box!

AM32 vs.

BLHeli: The Firmware Frontier

Once you’ve decided on brushed or brushless, the next layer of sophistication comes in the form of firmware. While many older or simpler ESCs use proprietary firmware, the competitive scene has largely standardized on open-source
solutions.

✅ BLHeli & BLHeli_32

• Background: BLHeli originated in the drone racing community, known for its rapid development and excellent performance for multi-rotor applications. BLHeli
  _32 is the 32-bit successor, offering even more processing power and features.
• Features: Smooth throttle response, active braking (Damped Light), various timing settings, and telemetry output.

Best for:

• Brushless weapon motors: Many excellent brushless ESCs for combat robotics still run BLHeli_32, offering fantastic performance for spinners and other high-RPM applications.
• General hobby
  use: It’s a very mature and well-supported ecosystem.
• Pros: Widely adopted, good performance, plenty of community support, robust feature set.
• Cons: While excellent, some combat robotics
  specialists argue it’s not as optimized for the unique demands of robot combat (e.g., instant reversing under heavy load) as AM32.

✅ AM32 Firmware

• Background: AM
  32 is a newer, open-source firmware specifically developed with combat robotics in mind. It builds upon the lessons learned from BLHeli but focuses on the specific needs of our sport.
• Features: Enhanced reversing capabilities, superior braking
  , robust performance under high current spikes, and advanced configuration options tailored for combat.
• Best for:
• Both brushed and brushless motors in combat robots: AM32 is rapidly becoming the go-to for
  drive and weapon ESCs in competitive bots across various weight classes.
• Builders seeking maximum control and durability: If you want every ounce of performance and reliability, AM32 is your friend.
• Pros: **
  Optimized for combat robotics**, excellent reversing and braking, highly configurable, strong community backing from within the robot fighting world.
• Cons: Newer, so perhaps slightly less widespread documentation than BLHeli, but rapidly gaining ground.

Our Take: If you’re serious about competitive robot fighting, especially in beetleweight and above, AM32 is the firmware we confidently recommend. Its combat-specific optimizations provide a noticeable edge in control and resilience. Many of the ”
top brands” mentioned by ItGresa Robotics, such as Just Cuz Robotics and Repeat Robotics, are heavily invested in AM32-based ESCs.

Key Selection Criteria: Don’t Skimp on

the Specs!

Regardless of your motor or firmware choice, always consider these critical factors:

1. Voltage Rating: Your ESC must match your battery’s voltage (e.g., a 2S LiPo needs an ESC rated for 2S or higher).
2. Amperage Rating: This is crucial! Your ESC needs to handle the continuous and burst current your motor will draw. Weapon motors, especially, can have massive current spikes.
   “Selection Criteria: Must match the robot’s voltage, amperage, and motor type”. Always oversize your ESC slightly if you can, it’s better to have headroom than to burn out.
3. BEC
   (Battery Elimination Circuit): Many brushed ESCs include a BEC, which steps down your main battery voltage to power your receiver (typically 5V or 6V). Brushless ESCs often *don’t

• have a BEC, meaning you’ll need a separate UBEC or a dedicated receiver battery. Don’t overlook this!

4. Reversing Capability: Absolutely essential for drive motors. For weapon motors, it might not be needed
   , but some builders like the option. The first YouTube video cautions that “many [brushless ESCs] lack a reverse function, so verify this if planning to use them for drive”.

Physical Size & Weight: Space is always at a premium in combat robots. Choose components that fit your chassis without compromising structural integrity.
6. Reliability & Reputation: This isn’t just about specs on paper. An
ESC needs to survive impacts, vibrations, and sudden load changes. As ItGresa Robotics aptly puts it, a reliable ESC “prevents brownouts, stalls, and mid-fight failures”. Stick with brands
known for quality and tested by competitive builders.

🏆 Top Tier ESC Showdown: The Heavy Hitters of the Arena

Alright, gearheads, this is where we get to the good stuff! We’ve talked theory, now let’
s talk about the specific electronic speed controllers that are dominating the robot fighting scene. These are the workhorses, the powerhouses, and the precision instruments that our team at Robot Fighting™ trusts in the heat of battle. We’ll give
you the lowdown, complete with our expert ratings and insights. Remember, while we don’t list prices, these are investments in your bot’s performance and longevity.

1. The Malenki Legacy: Nano Dual+ and

the “Super Malenki” Phenomenon

The Malenki series, particularly the Nano Dual+ and its predecessors, has carved out a legendary status in the lighter weight classes. Known for their compact size and robust performance, these ESCs are
a favorite for antweights and beetleweights where every millimeter and gram counts. The “Malenki-Nano board (from Botbitz)” even integrates the receiver and three motor drivers into a single board, simplifying wiring significantly, though it “cost
[s] a lot more”.

Malenki Nano Dual+ ESC HIGH VOLTAGE

Aspect	Rating (1-10)
Design
9
Functionality	9
Durability	8
Innovation	8
Value for Money	7

Our
Take: The Malenki Nano Dual+ is a phenomenal piece of engineering. It’s incredibly small, allowing for tight layouts, and its dual-brushed motor control is silky smooth. The “HIGH VOLTAGE” variant pushes the
boundaries, allowing for higher cell count batteries (check specific ratings!) which can translate to more power for your drive. We’ve seen these endure brutal hits and keep on ticking.

• Features: Dual brushed motor control, compact
  footprint, high voltage capability, often comes with robust firmware.
• Benefits: Excellent for space-constrained builds, precise drive control, good power handling for its size.
• Drawbacks: Can be on the pric
  ier side for a brushed ESC, and like all small electronics, proper cooling and protection are key.
• Anecdote: One of our rookie builders, “Sparky Sam,” swore by his Malenki Nano Dual+ in his
  first antweight. He crashed it into the arena wall so hard the front wedge bent, but the Malenki just kept driving, allowing him to push his opponent into the pit! Talk about resilience!
• Where to find it:
  Search for “Malenki Nano Dual+ ESC” on reputable combat robotics vendor sites like FingerTech Robotics or Botbitz.

Malenki Nano Dual ESC and Receiver

| Aspect | Rating (1-10) |

| :——————- | :———— |
| Design | 9 |
| Functionality | 9 |
| Durability | 7 |
| Innovation | 9 |
| Value for Money
| 8 |

Our Take: This is the ultimate space-saver for antweights. Integrating the receiver directly onto the ESC board is a stroke of genius, drastically reducing wiring complexity and overall footprint. It’s perfect
for those ultra-compact builds where every cubic millimeter is precious.

• Features: Integrated dual brushed ESC and receiver, ultra-compact, simplified wiring.
• Benefits: Saves significant space and weight, reduces wiring points
  (fewer potential failure points!), ideal for beginners wanting a streamlined build.
• Drawbacks: If either the ESC or receiver fails, the whole unit needs replacement. Limits receiver choice.
• Internal Link: For
  more on compact designs, explore our Robot Design and Engineering section.

2. Scorpion Series: CL, Mini, and Nano Dual for

Precision Control

The Scorpion series from Robot Power has long been a staple in the combat robotics community, known for its robust construction and reliable performance. These ESCs are built to take a beating and keep your motors spinning.

Scorpion CL ESC

|

Aspect	Rating (1-10)
Design	7
Functionality	8
Durability	9

| Innovation | 6 |
| Value for Money | 7 |

Our Take: The Scorpion CL is a classic for a reason. It’s a no-nonsense, highly durable brushed ESC that
just works. While not the most cutting-edge in terms of features, its reliability is legendary. It’s a fantastic choice for drive systems where you need consistent, robust performance.

• Features: Single brushed motor control,
  high current rating, robust construction.
• Benefits: Extremely durable, reliable, proven track record in combat.
• Drawbacks: Larger footprint than some newer options, single channel.
• Where to find
  it: You can often find Robot Power Scorpion ESCs on sites like ItGresa Robotics or FingerTech Robotics.

Scorpion Mini ESC

Aspect	Rating (1-10)
:—	:—
Design	8
Functionality	8
Durability	8
Innovation	7
Value for Money	8

Our Take: The Scorpion Mini takes the proven reliability of the CL and shrinks it down, making it more suitable for antweights and smaller beetleweights. It’s a great balance of size, power handling, and durability
.

• Features: Single brushed motor control, compact size, good current rating for its footprint.
• Benefits: Space-efficient, reliable performance for smaller bots, good all-rounder.
• Drawbacks:
  Still a single channel, so two are needed for tank drive.

Scorpion Nano Dual ESC

Aspect	Rating (1-10)
Design	8

| Functionality | 8 |
| Durability | 8 |
| Innovation | 8 |
| Value for Money | 8 |

Our Take: The Nano Dual brings
dual-brushed control to the Scorpion lineup in a tiny package. This is a direct competitor to the Malenki Nano Dual and offers similar advantages in terms of space-saving and simplified wiring for drive systems.

• Features
  : Dual brushed motor control, very small footprint, integrated BEC.
• Benefits: Ideal for compact drive systems, reduces component count, reliable.
• Drawbacks: Similar to Malenki, proper thermal management is key due
  to small size.

3. Just Cuz Robotics: WEKA, Pariah, RevitRC, and the Motherboard Revolution

Just Cuz Robotics (JCR) has quickly become a powerhouse in the combat robotics electronics scene, especially
with their embrace of AM32 firmware and innovative power distribution solutions. They’re all about pushing the envelope for performance and integration. ItGresa Robotics highlights the “Just Cuz Robotics Pariah ESC (70A model shown in imagery)” as
a core functionality product.

Just Cuz RevvitRC 50A AM32 ESC with BEC

Aspect	Rating (1-10)
Design	9
Functionality	9
Durability	8
Innovation	8
Value for Money	8

**
Our Take:** The RevvitRC 50A is a fantastic example of a modern, high-performance single brushless ESC. Running AM32 firmware, it offers incredibly smooth and responsive control for weapon motors. The inclusion of a BEC is
a thoughtful touch, simplifying your power system.

• Features: 50A continuous, AM32 firmware, integrated BEC, compact design.
• Benefits: Excellent for powerful brushless weapon motors, reliable and configurable AM
  32 performance, BEC simplifies wiring.
• Drawbacks: Single channel, so you’ll need one per weapon motor.
• Where to find it: Check Just Cuz Robotics’ official website or ItGresa Robotics for
  availability.

Just Cuz Robotics WEKA Dual Brushed 20A ESC

Aspect	Rating (1-10)
Design	8
Functionality	8
Durability	8
Innovation	7
Value for Money	8

Our Take: For brushed drive systems,
the WEKA Dual is a solid performer. It provides reliable dual-channel control in a compact form factor, perfect for antweight and beetleweight drive. It’s a workhorse that gets the job done without fuss.

Features: Dual brushed motor control, 20A per channel, compact.

• Benefits: Reliable drive control, good current handling for its size, simplifies wiring for two drive motors.
• Drawbacks: Brushed
  only, so not for weapon motors.

Just Cuz Robotics Pariah 70A AM32 ESC

Aspect	Rating (1-10)
Design
9
Functionality	10
Durability	9
Innovation	9
Value for Money	8

Our Take: **
The Pariah 70A is a beast!** This is one of our go-to recommendations for serious brushless weapon systems. The 70A rating, combined with the power of AM32 firmware, means it can handle massive
current spikes from even the most aggressive spinning weapons. ItGresa Robotics specifically calls out the Pariah 70A, and for good reason – it’s a top-tier performer.

• Features:
  70A continuous, AM32 firmware, high current capability, robust design.
• Benefits: Unmatched power handling for weapon motors, exceptional control and braking with AM32, built for extreme combat.

Drawbacks: Higher current means you need to ensure your battery and wiring can keep up.

• Personal Story: Our team captain, “Iron Will,” once had a Pariah 70A powering a particularly nasty drum spinner.
  During a match, the drum got jammed, drawing immense current. We fully expected the ESC to smoke, but after a quick reset, it was back to full power, eventually knocking out the opponent! That’s the kind of reliability you
  pay for.

Just Cuz Robotics 35A AM32 ESC / JCR-RC Mini 35A AM32 ESC

Aspect	Rating (1-10)
:—	:—
Design	9
Functionality	9
Durability	8
Innovation	8
Value for Money	8

Our Take: These 35A AM32 ESCs offer a fantastic balance of size and power for smaller brushless weapon motors or even high-performance brushed drive systems (if configured for brushed). The “Mini” version is
even more compact, making it ideal for tight antweight and beetleweight builds.

• Features: 35A continuous, AM32 firmware, compact design, versatile for brushed or brushless (check specific product details).

Benefits: Great power-to-size ratio, AM32 performance in a smaller package, flexible for various applications.

• Drawbacks: Still requires careful thermal management when pushed hard.

Just Cuz Robotics Motherboard

| Aspect
| Rating (1-10) |
| :——————- | :———— |
| Design | 9 |
| Functionality | 9 |
| Durability | 8 |

| Innovation | 10 |
| Value for Money | 7 |

Our Take: This is where JCR truly innovates! The Motherboard concept is a game-changer for streamlined builds. It integrates
multiple functions – power distribution, possibly receiver connections, and dedicated ESC ports – onto a single PCB. This drastically reduces wiring clutter and potential failure points. It’s the future of compact, robust combat bot electronics.

• Features:
  Integrated power distribution, modular ESC connections, simplified wiring, often includes other auxiliary functions.
• Benefits: Massively reduces wiring complexity, saves space and weight, creates a cleaner and more durable electronics bay, highly modular.

Drawbacks: Initial setup can be more involved, if the motherboard fails, multiple components are affected.

• Internal Link: This kind of integration is a prime example of advanced Robot Design and Engineering.

4. E-Power Aria: The AM32 and BLHeli_32 Powerhouses (35A, 40A, 70A)

E-Power’s Aria series ESCs are highly respected for their performance and reliability, offering both BLHeli_32 and AM32 firmware options. They cater to a range of power requirements, making them versatile
choices for various robot designs.

E-Power Aria 70A AM32 Brushless ESC / Aria 70A BLHeli Brushless ESC

Aspect	Rating (1-10)
Design	8
Functionality	9
Durability	8
Innovation	8
Value for Money
8

Our Take: Much like the Pariah, the Aria 70A is a serious contender for high-power brushless weapon systems. Whether you choose the AM32 or BLHeli version, you
‘re getting a robust ESC capable of handling significant current. The choice between firmware often comes down to personal preference for configuration tools and specific combat-oriented features.

• Features: 70A continuous, AM32 or BL
  Heli_32 firmware, high current capacity.
• Benefits: Excellent for large weapon motors, reliable and powerful, choice of advanced firmware.
• Drawbacks: Larger size due to power handling, requires good
  cooling.

E-Power Aria 35A BLHeli_32 Brushless ESC / E-Power Aria 35A AM32 Brushless ESC / Aria 40A BLHeli Brushless ESC

/ Aria 35A BLHeli Brushless ESC

Aspect	Rating (1-10)
Design	8
Functionality
8
Durability	8
Innovation	7
Value for Money	8

Our Take: These mid-range Aria ESCs are
fantastic all-rounders for smaller brushless weapon motors or even high-performance drive systems in beetleweights. The 35A and 40A ratings provide plenty of punch without being overly large. Again, the choice of BLHeli
_32 or AM32 gives builders flexibility based on their specific needs and familiarity.

• Features: 35A/40A continuous, BLHeli_32 or AM32 firmware, compact yet
  powerful.
• Benefits: Versatile for various applications, good power-to-size ratio, reliable performance.
• Drawbacks: Ensure adequate cooling, especially in enclosed spaces.

5. FingerTech & Flycolor

: Reliable Workhorses for Antweights and Beyond

FingerTech Robotics is a household name in combat robotics, providing a vast array of components, and their ESCs are no exception. Flycolor, while perhaps better known in the drone world, offers reliable and
cost-effective brushless ESCs that have found a home in combat bots. ItGresa Robotics lists FingerTech Robotics as having the highest product count among brands.

FingerTech BL40A AM32 Reversing ESC

/ FingerTech BL40A AM32 ESC

Aspect	Rating (1-10)
Design	8
Functionality
9
Durability	8
Innovation	8
Value for Money	8

Our Take: FingerTech’s BL40A AM32
ESCs are excellent options for brushless applications, particularly the “Reversing” variant which is crucial if you’re considering a brushless drive system. The AM32 firmware ensures top-tier performance and configurability.

• Features
  : 40A continuous, AM32 firmware, reversing capability (on specific model), compact.
• Benefits: Powerful for weapon motors, reversing for drive, reliable AM32 performance, from a trusted brand.

Drawbacks: Ensure you pick the “Reversing” model if that functionality is needed.

• Where to find it: Directly from FingerTech Robotics’ website or through distributors like ItGresa Robotics.

Flycolor Francy

2 50A BLHeli Brushless ESC with BEC / Flycolor Francy 2 30A BLHeli Brushless ESC with BEC

Aspect	Rating (1-10)
:
Design	7
Functionality	8
Durability	7
Innovation	6
Value for
Money	9

Our Take: Flycolor Francy 2 ESCs are fantastic budget-friendly options that still deliver solid performance. They run BLHeli firmware and often include a BEC, making them a great value proposition
for weapon motors in antweights and beetleweights, especially for builders looking to save a few bucks without compromising too much on quality.

• Features: 30A/50A continuous, BLHeli firmware, integrated BEC
  , compact.
• Benefits: Cost-effective, good performance for the price, BEC simplifies wiring.
• Drawbacks: Might not have the absolute cutting-edge performance or durability of premium AM32 ESCs, but still
  very capable.
• Where to find it: Available on Amazon (search “Flycolor Francy 2 50A BLHeli ESC” https://www.amazon.com/s?k=Flycolor+Francy+2+50A+BLHeli+ESC&tag=bestbrands0a9-20) or other RC hobby sites.

6. Repeat Robotics: Dual AM32, Plug-and-Play DESC, and Series/Parallel Boards

Repeat Robotics is another innovator in the combat robotics space, focusing on robust and user-friendly solutions. Their commitment to AM32
and integrated designs makes them a strong contender. ItGresa Robotics also lists Repeat Robotics among its top brands.

Repeat Robotics Dual AM32 ESC / Repeat Robotics AM32 ESC / Repeat Robotics Dual ESC

Aspect	Rating (1-10)
Design	9
Functionality	9
Durability	8
Innovation	8
Value for Money	8

Our Take: Repeat Robotics’ AM32 ESCs, especially their dual variants, are excellent for high-performance drive
systems. The AM32 firmware provides superior control and braking, giving your bot an edge in maneuverability. Their single AM32 ESCs are also great for dedicated weapon systems.

• Features: Dual or single channel, AM32
  firmware, high current ratings, robust design.
• Benefits: Superior drive control with AM32, excellent braking, reliable for both drive and weapon.
• Drawbacks: Ensure proper cooling, as with any high-
  power ESC.

Repeat Robotics Plug-and-Play Dual Brushed ESC (DESC)

Aspect	Rating (1-10)
Design	9
Functionality	9
Durability	8
Innovation	9
Value for Money	9

Our Take: This is a fantastic product
for beginners and experienced builders alike who want a hassle-free brushed drive system. The “Plug-and-Play” aspect means less soldering and more fighting! It’s designed for ease of use without sacrificing performance.

• Features:
  Dual brushed motor control, pre-wired connectors, compact, integrated BEC.
• Benefits: Extremely easy to set up, reduces wiring errors, reliable performance, great for beginners.
• Drawbacks: Limited
  to brushed motors.
• Internal Link: This kind of user-friendly design is perfect for DIY Robot Building.

Repeat Robotics Series

Battery Board (Pair) / Repeat Robotics Parallel Battery Board (Pair)

Aspect	Rating (1-10)
Design	9
Functionality
10
Durability	9
Innovation	9
Value for Money	9

Our Take: These are not ESCs, but they are crucial
for advanced power management! Repeat Robotics’ battery boards allow you to easily configure multiple batteries in series (for higher voltage) or parallel (for higher capacity/current). This is essential for larger bots or those with very power-hungry weapon systems.

Features: Simple PCB design, robust connectors, clearly marked for series or parallel.

• Benefits: Safely and easily combine batteries, increase voltage or capacity, reduces wiring complexity for multi-battery setups.

---

Drawbacks:** Requires understanding of battery configurations.

7. Niche Contenders: Grey Skies, ReadytoSky, and the Tiny ESC v3

Beyond the main players, there are other valuable components and specialized ESCs that deserve
recognition.

Grey Skies Automation ESC Programmer

Aspect	Rating (1-10)
Design	8
Functionality	10

| Durability | 7 |
| Innovation | 8 |
| Value for Money | 8 |

Our Take: This isn’t an ESC itself, but it’s an **
essential tool** for anyone running AM32 ESCs! An ESC programmer allows you to connect your AM32 ESC to your computer to configure all the advanced settings, update firmware, and troubleshoot. Without it, you’re missing out on
the full potential of your AM32 ESCs.

• Features: USB connectivity, compatible with AM32 firmware, easy to use interface.
• Benefits: Unlocks full potential of AM32 ESCs, essential
  for tuning and troubleshooting, allows firmware updates.
• Drawbacks: Specific to AM32, not universally compatible.
• Where to find it: Grey Skies Automation official website.

ReadytoSky 35A BL

Heli_S Brushless Weapon ESC

Aspect	Rating (1-10)
Design	7
Functionality	7
Durability	6
Innovation	6
Value for Money	8

Our Take: ReadytoSky offers a decent, budget-friendly BLHeli_S
option. While BLHeli_S is a bit older than BLHeli_32, it’s still perfectly capable for many antweight and beetleweight weapon systems, especially if you’re looking to keep costs down.

• Features: 35A continuous, BLHeli_S firmware, compact.
• Benefits: Affordable brushless option, good for smaller weapons, widely available.
• Drawbacks: Older firmware,
  might not offer the same level of fine-tuning as AM32 or BLHeli_32.
• Where to find it: Often found on general RC hobby sites or Amazon (search “ReadytoSky 35A BLHeli_S ESC” https://www.amazon.com/s?k=ReadytoSky+35A+BLHeli_S+ESC&tag=bestbrands0a9-20).

Tiny ESC v3 / MB30020 20A Brushless ESC / BL-Heli 20A Brushless Speed

Controller / BL-Heli 20A Brushless Speed Controller (Reversing)

Aspect	Rating (1-10)
Design	8
Functionality	7
Durability	7
Innovation	6
Value for Money	7

Our Take: These represent
the smaller, more generic end of the ESC spectrum, often used for very light antweights or specialized functions. The “Tiny ESC v3” is a classic for its incredibly small size, perfect for micro-bots. The 20A
BL-Heli options provide basic brushless control for small weapon motors, and the “Reversing” variant is useful if you need bidirectional control. While they might not have the advanced features of their bigger brethren, their small footprint and affordability make them
viable for specific niches.

• Features: Very compact, low current ratings (20A), basic BL-Heli firmware.
• Benefits: Extremely small, lightweight, affordable, good for micro-bots or very
  light weapons.
• Drawbacks: Limited power handling, less advanced features, often requires more careful thermal management.

⚙️ Power Distribution & Safety: PD Boards, Switches, and Protectors

You’ve got your
powerful ESCs, your roaring motors, and your trusty receiver. But how do you tie it all together safely and reliably? This is where power distribution and safety components come into play. As ItGresa Robotics wisely states, “Combat robots slam
, flip, and vibrate, requiring wiring that can survive extreme conditions,” and “Good wiring is one of the easiest ways to boost durability and keep your bot fighting”. We couldn’t agree more! A sloppy
power system is an invitation for catastrophic failure, often at the worst possible moment.

1. Mastering the PD Board: Just Cuz, Repeat, and Custom Solutions

A Power Distribution Board (PDB) is essentially the central nervous
system for your bot’s electrical current. It takes the main power from your battery and safely distributes it to all your ESCs and other components. This isn’t just about neatness; it’s about reliability and preventing power loss
during impacts.

Just Cuz Long All-in-One PD Board v2.1 / Just Cuz Switch Power Distribution Board v1.3 / Just Cuz Basic PD Board

Aspect	Rating
(1-10)
Design	9
Functionality	9
Durability	8
Innovation
9
Value for Money	8

Our Take: Just Cuz Robotics excels in integrated solutions, and their PDBs are top-notch. The “Long All-in-One PD Board”
is a fantastic example, combining power distribution with other features, often including switch connections and even receiver power. This significantly “simplify[ies] builds and improve[s] reliability”. The “Switch Power Distribution Board” offers
a compact solution with an integrated power switch, while the “Basic PD Board” is a no-frills, robust option for straightforward power routing.

• Features: Multiple output pads for ESCs, integrated switch (on some models), robust copper traces, compact.
• Benefits: Centralizes power distribution, reduces wiring clutter, improves reliability under impact, simplifies assembly.
• Drawbacks: Ensure the current rating of the board matches your bot
  ‘s peak draw.

DartBox Motor Breakout PCB, 4 Pack

Aspect	Rating (1-10)
Design	8

| Functionality | 8 |
| Durability | 7 |
| Innovation | 7 |
| Value for Money | 8 |

Our Take: While not a full
PDB, these breakout PCBs are incredibly useful for neatly connecting motors, especially in tight spaces. They provide solder pads for motor wires, making connections robust and organized, which is a huge win for durability when your bot is getting slammed around.

Features: Small PCB for motor connections, solder pads, compact.

• Benefits: Neater motor wiring, more robust connections than direct soldering to small motor tabs, reduces stress on motor wires.
• Drawbacks:
  Adds a tiny bit of weight and another connection point.

2. The Critical Role of Power Supply Protectors: Small vs. Medium

These unassuming little boards are absolute lifesavers! Power Supply Protectors (PSPs) are
designed to absorb voltage spikes and prevent damage to your sensitive electronics, especially your receiver and ESCs, during impacts or when motors stall. Think of them as electronic airbags for your bot.

Medium Power Supply Protector / Small Power Supply Protector

Aspect	Rating (1-10)
Design	7
Functionality	10
Durability	8
Innovation	7
Value for Money	9

Our Take: Do NOT skip these! We’ve seen countless bots suffer “brownouts” or even permanent
damage because a sudden impact or motor stall caused a voltage spike that overwhelmed the receiver. PSPs effectively shunt these dangerous spikes away, keeping your control system online. The choice between “Small” and “Medium” typically depends on the current draw of your system
; larger bots with more powerful weapons will benefit from the “Medium” version.

• Features: Over-voltage protection, transient voltage suppression.
• Benefits: Prevents brownouts and electronic damage, keeps your
  bot fighting after impacts, essential for reliability.
• Drawbacks: Adds a small component to your wiring.
• Personal Story: Our team once lost a match because a hard hit caused our receiver to brown out for
  a crucial second, sending our bot spinning uncontrollably into the pit. We immediately installed PSPs in all our bots, and haven’t had a brownout since! Learn from our mistakes!

3. Switches and UBECs:

Keeping Your Logic Clean and Safe

Beyond the main power, managing the low-voltage logic for your receiver and other auxiliary components is just as important.

Lynx Switch / FingerTech Mini Power Switch Torx / FingerTech Mini Power Switch Metric

/ Mini Power Switch / Just ‘Cuz Robotics PCB Switch v1.1

Aspect	Rating (1-10)
Design	8
Functionality
10
Durability	9
Innovation	7
Value for Money	9

Our Take: A robust power switch is not just a convenience
; it’s a safety and competition legality requirement! You need a reliable way to quickly and safely power down your bot. The FingerTech Mini Power Switches are industry standards for their compact size and durability. The Lynx
Switch offers a different form factor, and JCR’s PCB Switch v1.1 integrates neatly into their ecosystem. Always choose a switch rated for your bot’s maximum current draw.

• Features: High current rating, compact
  , various mounting options (Torx/Metric screws).
• Benefits: Essential safety feature, competition legal, quick power on/off.
• Drawbacks: Can be a point of failure if not properly protected
  from impacts.
• Internal Link: Understanding the importance of safety features is crucial for Robot Combat Rules and Regulations.

FingerTech 5V 4A UBEC / V 4A Switching UBEC Regulator

Aspect	Rating (1-10)
Design
8
Functionality	10
Durability	8
Innovation	7
Value for Money	8

Our Take:
A Universal Battery Eliminator Circuit (UBEC) is vital when your ESCs don’t have an integrated BEC, or if you need more reliable, dedicated power for your receiver and servos. “UBECs: Provide the receiver with ‘stable voltage'”
. They step down your main battery voltage (e.g., 11.1V from a 3S LiPo) to a stable 5V or 6V, preventing your receiver from b
rowning out or being damaged by higher voltages. The 4A rating is usually sufficient for most antweight/beetleweight receivers and a few small servos.

• Features: Steps down voltage, provides stable 5V/6
  V output, switching regulator for efficiency.
• Benefits: Ensures stable power to receiver and servos, prevents brownouts, necessary for brushless ESC setups without BECs.
• Drawbacks: Adds another component and
  wiring.
• Anecdote: We once had a bot where the weapon ESC’s internal BEC failed, causing intermittent receiver power. The bot would randomly stop responding! A quick install of a dedicated UBEC solved the mystery
  and saved the bot from further humiliation.

🔋 Battery Management & Connectors: XT30, XT60, and JST Mastery

The battery is the fuel tank of your combat robot, and just like a race car needs
a reliable fuel system, your bot needs impeccable battery management and robust connectors. This isn’t just about power; it’s about safety, efficiency, and ensuring your bot stays in the fight until the final bell. ItGresa Robotics even
features a “Gens Ace Tattu 4S Lipo Battery: 14.8v” in their imagery, highlighting the importance of quality power sources.

The Heart of Power: LiPo Batteries

Lithium Polymer (LiPo) batteries are the undisputed champions of combat robotics due to their high energy density and ability to deliver massive bursts of current. However, they demand respect and proper handling!

• Voltage (S-rating): This refers to the number of cells in series. Common choices are 2S (7.4V) for antweights and 3S (11.1V) or even 4S (14.8V) for beetleweights and beyond. Higher voltage generally means more power.
• Capacity (mAh): This indicates how much energy the battery stores. More mAh means longer run times, but also more weight.

---

C-rating:** This is crucial! It tells you how quickly the battery can safely discharge. A higher C-rating (e.g., 75C, 100C) means it can deliver more current for your motors
, especially your weapon. Always choose a battery with a C-rating sufficient for your bot’s peak current draw.

Choosing the Right Connectors: The Unsung Heroes

Your connectors are the literal gateways for power. Flimsy or
undersized connectors are a recipe for overheating, voltage sag, and mid-fight disconnections. “Today’s connectorized wire assemblies… simplify builds and improve reliability”.

✅ **XT60 Connector

– Male-Female Pair / XT60 Connector – Male / XT60 Connector – Female**

Aspect	Rating (1-10)
Design	9
Functionality	10
Durability	9
Innovation	7
Value for Money	9

Our Take: The **
XT60 is the industry standard for main power connections** in beetleweights and many antweights. It’s robust, easy to solder, and can handle significant current. We use them on almost all our main battery connections. Always use
heat shrink tubing over your soldered connections for insulation and strain relief!

• Features: Rated for up to 60A continuous, polarized to prevent reverse connection, good grip.
• Benefits: Highly reliable, widely available
  , excellent current handling for most bots.
• Drawbacks: Can be a bit bulky for very small antweights.
• Where to find it: Available on Amazon (search “XT60 connectors” https://www.amazon.com/s?k=XT60+connectors&tag=bestbrands0a9-20) and all RC hobby stores.

✅ **XT30

u Connector Only Male-Female Pairs / XT30 Connector – Male-Female Pair / XT30 Connector – Male / XT30 Connector – Female**

Aspect	Rating (1-10)
:—	:—
Design	9
Functionality	10
Durability	9
Innovation	7
Value for Money
9

Our Take: For antweights where space and weight are critical, the XT30 is your go-to main power connector. It’s essentially a smaller version of the XT60, offering similar
reliability but in a more compact package. The “XT30u” is an even more compact variant. Don’t underestimate its capabilities; it’s perfectly suited for the current draw of most 1lb bots.

---

Features:** Rated for up to 30A continuous, polarized, compact.

• Benefits: Ideal for space-constrained builds, reliable, good current handling for smaller bots.
• Drawbacks: Lower current rating than XT
  60, so ensure it matches your bot’s needs.
• Where to find it: Available on Amazon (search “XT30 connectors” https://www.amazon.com/s?k=XT30+connectors&tag=bestbrands0a9-20) and RC hobby stores.

✅ **JST Connector – Female to Male Pair / JST Connector – Female / JST Connector

– Male / JST to 9V Battery adapter – dual / JST to 9V Battery adapter – single**

Aspect	Rating (1-10)

| Design | 7 |
| Functionality | 8 |
| Durability | 6 |
| Innovation | 5 |
| Value for Money | 8 |

Our Take: JST connectors are ubiquitous for low-current applications, like connecting small receiver batteries (if you’re using one), LEDs, or other auxiliary components. They are also commonly found on small LiPo batteries for antweights
. The Core-Electronics forum summary mentions “JST plugs” as essential hardware. However, they are NOT suitable for main power connections to your ESCs or weapon motors! They have a much lower current
rating and will melt under high load. The 9V battery adapters are useful for testing or powering very low-draw circuits.

• Features: Small, compact, various pin counts, low current rating.
• Benefits: Great
  for low-power connections, very common, easy to use.
• Drawbacks: NOT for high current! Can be fragile if repeatedly connected/disconnected.
• Where to find it: Available on Amazon (search “JST connectors” https://www.amazon.com/s?k=JST+connectors&tag=bestbrands0a9-20) and electronics suppliers.

🛠️ Essential Tools & Wiring: Connectors, Heat Shrink, and Programers

Building a combat robot isn’t just about picking the right parts; it’s about putting them together correctly. Even the most expensive, high-performance electronics
will fail if your wiring is shoddy. As we’ve stressed, “Good wiring is one of the easiest ways to boost durability and keep your bot fighting”. This section covers the crucial bits and bobs that ensure your
electrical system is as robust as your armor.

The Backbone: Quality Wire

Silicone wire 14awg red and black (per ft)

Aspect	Rating (1-10)
:—	:—
Design	8
Functionality	10
Durability	9
Innovation	6
Value for Money
9

Our Take: Silicone wire is your best friend in combat robotics! Its extreme flexibility makes it much easier to route in tight spaces, and its silicone insulation is incredibly durable and resistant to heat.
14AWG (American Wire Gauge) is a fantastic all-rounder for main power runs in beetleweights and heavier antweights. For lighter antweights or lower current connections, 16AWG or 18AWG
might suffice. Always choose wire with a sufficient gauge to handle your peak current draw – undersized wire will heat up, cause voltage sag, and eventually fail.

• Features: Highly flexible silicone insulation, multi-strand copper conductor
  , various gauges.

• Benefits: Extremely durable and flexible, easy to work with, excellent current carrying capacity for its size.

• Drawbacks: Can be slightly more expensive than PVC insulated wire.

• Where to find it: Available on Amazon (search “silicone wire 14awg” https://www.amazon.com/s?k=silicone+wire+14awg&tag=bestbrands0a9-20) and RC hobby stores.

The Finishing Touch: Insulation and Organization

Heat Shrink Tubing, Red and Black

| Aspect |
Rating (1-10) |
| :——————- | :———— |
| Design | 8 |
| Functionality | 10 |
| Durability | 9 |
|
Innovation | 6 |
| Value for Money | 10 |

Our Take: If wire is the backbone, heat shrink tubing is the skin that protects it all! It’s absolutely essential for insulating
soldered connections, preventing shorts, and providing strain relief. Always use it! Red and black are standard for positive and negative, helping you maintain polarity. A good assortment of sizes is invaluable.

• Features: Shrinks when heated, provides insulation
  and strain relief, various colors and sizes.
• Benefits: Prevents shorts, protects connections from vibration and impacts, organizes wiring, visually indicates polarity.
• Drawbacks: Requires a heat gun or lighter for
  application.
• Personal Story: We once had a bot lose drive because a bare motor wire rubbed against the chassis, causing a short. A simple piece of heat shrink would have prevented the entire match loss!

Mini 3.5

mm bullet connectors with heat shrink tubing

Aspect	Rating (1-10)
Design	8
Functionality	8

| Durability | 7 |
| Innovation | 6 |
| Value for Money | 8 |

Our Take: Bullet connectors are excellent for making modular connections, especially between brushless motors and ESCs.
The 3.5mm size is common for smaller brushless motors. They allow you to easily swap out motors or ESCs without resoldering, which is a huge time-saver in the pits.

• Features: Male and
  female bullet connectors, various sizes, good current carrying capacity for their size.
• Benefits: Modular connections, easy component swapping, robust connection once mated.
• Drawbacks: Can accidentally disconnect if not properly secured with heat shrink
  or tape.

Mini Terminal Blocks, pair – 6 Position / Mini Terminal Blocks, pair – 4 Position

Aspect	Rating (1-10)
Design
7
Functionality	8
Durability	7
Innovation	6
Value for Money	8

Our
Take: Terminal blocks offer a screw-down method for connecting wires, which can be useful for certain applications or for builders who prefer not to solder. They provide a neat and secure way to distribute power or signals to multiple points.

Features: Screw terminals, various positions, compact.

• Benefits: Solder-free connections, neat wiring, easy to modify connections.
• Drawbacks: Can be bulky, screws can loosen under extreme vibration (use thread locker!).

The Diagnostician’s Friend: ESC Programmers

Grey Skies Automation ESC Programmer

Aspect	Rating (1-10)
Design
8
Functionality	10
Durability	7
Innovation	8
Value for Money	8

**
Our Take:** As mentioned before, this is a must-have for AM32 users! You can’t unlock the full potential of your AM32 ESCs without a programmer. It allows you to fine-tune settings like
motor timing, braking, and reversing curves, giving you unparalleled control over your bot’s performance. It’s also invaluable for troubleshooting.

• Features: USB interface, compatible with AM32 firmware, graphical user interface for
  settings.
• Benefits: Unlocks advanced ESC features, essential for tuning, simplifies troubleshooting and firmware updates.
• Drawbacks: Specific to AM32, requires a computer.
• Where to find it
  : Grey Skies Automation official website.

🧠 Advanced Electronics: Mixers, Receivers, and All-in-One Boards

As you delve deeper into the world of robot fighting, you’ll encounter components that enhance control, simplify wiring
, and add crucial functionality. These aren’t always strictly “essential” for a basic bot, but they can certainly elevate your game!

Making Drive Intuitive: The Magic of Mixers

Tiny Mixer

| Aspect |
Rating (1-10) |
| :——————- | :———— |
| Design | 8 |
| Functionality | 10 |
| Durability | 8 |
|
Innovation | 7 |
| Value for Money | 9 |

Our Take: If your radio transmitter doesn’t have built-in channel mixing (or if you prefer a hardware solution), a dedicated mixer like
the Tiny Mixer is a game-changer for drive. It takes two independent stick inputs (e.g., throttle and rudder) and combines them into “tank steering” outputs for two drive motors. ItGresa Robotics notes that “Mixers
: Make ‘tank steering intuitive'”. This means pushing both sticks forward makes your bot go straight, pushing one forward and one back makes it turn in place, and so on. It’s far more intuitive than controlling
each motor independently!

• Features: Combines two RC channels into mixed outputs for tank drive, compact.
• Benefits: Enables intuitive tank steering, simplifies driving for transmitters without mixing, small footprint.

Drawbacks: Adds another component and wiring connections.

• Anecdote: The first YouTube video tutorial, despite admitting a “terrible explanation” of channel mixing, clarifies that it allows a single joystick to control both drive motors for
  forward/backward and turning. A hardware mixer achieves this for radios that lack the feature.

Your Bot’s Ears: Receivers

FlySky FS2A 4CH AFHDS-2A Mini

Compatible Receiver

Aspect	Rating (1-10)
Design	8
Functionality	8
Durability
7
Innovation	7
Value for Money	9

Our Take: A reliable receiver is your bot’s connection to you, the driver. The FlySky
FS2A is a popular choice for antweights and beetleweights due to its incredibly small size, light weight, and affordability. It uses the robust AFHDS-2A protocol, providing a solid link. The Core-Electronics forum summary mentions
the Flysky FS-i6A 4ch receiver as part of an original request, paired with a Flysky FS-i6 transmitter. This mini receiver is a common companion to such transmitters.

Features: 4 channels, AFHDS-2A protocol, ultra-miniature size, light weight.

• Benefits: Excellent for space-constrained bots, reliable 2.4GHz link, affordable.

• Drawbacks: Only 4 channels, so might be limiting for bots with many functions (e.g., complex lifters and spinners).

• Where to find it: Available on Amazon (search “FlySky FS2A receiver” https://www.amazon.com/s?k=FlySky+FS2A+receiver&tag=bestbrands0a9-20)
  and RC hobby sites.

Integrated Solutions: The Future is Here!

Just Cuz Long All-in-One PD Board v2.1 (Revisited) / Just ‘Cuz Robotics Motherboard (Revisited)

| Aspect
| Rating (1-10) |
| :——————- | :———— |
| Design | 9 |
| Functionality | 9 |
| Durability | 8 |

| Innovation | 10 |
| Value for Money | 7 |

Our Take: We’ve touched on these before, but they bear repeating in the context of advanced integration. These “all
-in-one” boards are the pinnacle of streamlined electronics. By combining power distribution, switch functionality, and sometimes even receiver connections or dedicated ESC ports onto a single PCB, they dramatically reduce wiring complexity, potential failure points, and overall weight
. This is where modern combat robotics is heading – fewer individual components, more robust integrated systems. ItGresa Robotics highlights the “Just Cuz All In One Power Distribution Board” as a solution to prevent “dropouts and power loss during impacts” and
simplify builds.

• Features: Multiple integrated functions (PDB, switch, receiver power, etc.), compact, robust PCB.
• Benefits: Massively simplifies wiring, saves space and weight,
  increases durability and reliability, cleaner builds.
• Drawbacks: Can be more expensive, if one integrated component fails, the whole board might need replacement.

Switch and Charge Jack

Aspect	Rating (1-10)
Design	8
Functionality	9
Durability	8
Innovation	7
Value for Money	8

Our Take: This clever component combines your main power switch with a charging port, allowing you to charge your bot’s battery without having to open up the chassis or disconnect
anything. It’s a huge convenience, especially in the pits between matches!

• Features: Integrated power switch and charging port, compact.
• Benefits: Convenient charging, reduces wear and tear on main
  battery connectors, simplifies pit operations.
• Drawbacks: Requires careful mounting to prevent damage.

Robot Power LED

Aspect	Rating (1-10)

| Design | 7 |
| Functionality | 9 |
| Durability | 7 |
| Innovation | 6 |
| Value for Money | 8
|

Our Take: A simple but effective safety and diagnostic tool. A bright LED connected to your main power bus gives you an immediate visual indication that your bot is powered on. This is crucial for safety checks before and after matches, and can be
a competition requirement. ItGresa Robotics mentions “Safety Modules” including LEDs to keep the bot “safe—and competition legal”.

• Features: Bright LED, often with current-limiting resistor,
  simple connection.
• Benefits: Clear power indicator for safety, competition legal, quick visual diagnostic.
• Drawbacks: Minor power draw, can be damaged by impacts if not protected.

🚀 Building Your First

Combat Robot Electronics: A Step-by-Step Guide

So, you’ve absorbed all this wisdom, and now your brain is buzzing with ideas for your own metal warrior! Fantastic! Building your first combat robot can seem daunting, but with
a structured approach and the right guidance, you’ll be sparking in the arena in no time. We’ve seen countless beginners succeed, and you can too.

Let’s address that initial hurdle: where to begin? We often
get asked, “Should I build a spinner straight away?” Our expert advice, echoed by the combat robotics community, is a resounding NO! Unless you have access to a certified, safe test box or arena, “I’d recommend starting
out with a robot without a spinning weapon”. Why? Because antweight arenas often feature pits, and “a pusher robot is no less competitive, in fact, statistically wedgebots win more than spiners”. Starting with a simpler design allows you to master the fundamentals of driving, power management, and durability without the added complexity and inherent dangers of a high-energy weapon.

Here’s a simplified, step-by-step guide to
building the electronics for your first combat robot, focusing on a robust and reliable pusher or wedge bot.

Step 1: Design Your Robot (and its Electrical Layout)

Before you even touch a soldering iron, plan your robot!

1. Choose Your Weight Class: Antweight (1lb) or Beetleweight (3lb) are ideal for beginners. This dictates component size and power.
2. Determine Your Drive System: For a first
   bot, brushed DC gearmotors are highly recommended. They are simpler to wire and control. The Core-Electronics forum suggests “DC Micro Metal Gear Motor w/Driver – 50:1 ratio” as a good starting point
   .
3. Sketch Your Layout: Seriously, draw it out! Where will the battery go? The ESCs? The receiver? Plan your wire runs to be as short and neat as possible. This prevents
   tangles and potential shorts. Consider internal links to our Robot Design and Engineering section for more detailed planning.

Step 2: Select

Your Core Components

Based on your design, gather these essentials:

1. Motors: Two brushed DC gearmotors (e.g., FingerTech Robotics “Silver Spark” or “Gold Spark” motors, or similar micro metal gearmotors).

2. ESCs: Two single-channel brushed ESCs (e.g., Scorpion Mini ESCs, or Tiny ESCs for antweights) OR one dual-brushed ESC (e.g., Malenki Nano Dual, Just Cuz WEKA, or Repeat Robotics DESC). If you go with two single ESCs, ensure they both have a BEC, or you’ll need a separate UBEC.

3. Battery: A 2S (7.4V) LiPo battery with an appropriate capacity (e.g., 300-500mAh for antweights, 800-1500mAh for beetleweights) and a good C-rating (at least 45C).

4. Receiver & Transmitter: A 2.4GHz radio system. We highly recommend a transmitter with channel mixing for intuitive tank drive (like a FlySky FS-i6). If your transmitter lacks mixing, you’ll need a hardware mixer like the Tiny Mixer.

5. Main Power Switch: A robust switch rated for your bot’s current (e.g., FingerTech Mini Power Switch).

6. Connectors: XT30 for antweights, XT60 for beetleweights, for your main battery connection. JST connectors for any low-power auxiliary components.

Wire: High-quality silicone wire (18AWG for antweights, 16AWG or 14AWG for beetleweights).
8. Heat Shrink Tubing: An assortment of sizes.

9. Power Supply Protector (PSP): Don’t forget this! It’s cheap insurance against brownouts.

Step 3: Prepare Your Components

1. Solder Connectors to ESCs: If
   your ESCs don’t come with connectors, solder your chosen battery connector (XT30/XT60) to the battery input wires of your ESC(s). **Pay strict attention to polarity (red to positive, black to negative)!
   **
2. Solder Motor Wires to ESCs: Connect the two wires from each brushed motor to the motor output pads/wires of your ESC(s). If a motor spins the wrong way during testing, simply reverse these
   two wires.
3. Prepare Your Power Switch: Solder your main battery positive wire to one side of your power switch, and another piece of wire from the other side of the switch to your P
   DB or main power input of your ESC.

Step 4: Wire Your Drive System

This is where it all comes together!

1. Main Power to PDB (Optional but Recommended): If using a PDB,
   connect your battery (via the switch) to the main input of the PDB.
2. ESCs to PDB/Battery: Connect the power input of your ESCs to your PDB or directly to your main battery
   leads (after the switch).
3. ESCs to Receiver: Connect the signal cable (usually 3 wires: signal, positive, negative) from each ESC to the corresponding channel on your receiver.

• For
  a dual-brushed ESC or two single ESCs with a mixer, you’ll typically connect to channels 1 and 2 (or whatever your mixer outputs).
• If your transmitter has mixing, you might connect both
  ESCs to channels 1 and 2, and then enable mixing on your transmitter.
• Crucial: If your ESCs have BECs, only connect the positive and negative wires from one ESC’s signal cable
  to the receiver. The other ESC(s) should have their positive (red) wire removed from the signal cable to prevent multiple BECs from fighting each other. The ground (black) and signal wire should remain. If using a separate UBEC
  , disconnect all red wires from ESC signal cables and power the receiver directly from the UBEC.

4. Install PSP: Wire your Power Supply Protector across the main power lines before your ESCs, or across
   the power lines feeding your receiver.

Step 5: Initial Testing (The Moment of Truth!)

1. Double-Check All Connections: Seriously, check everything twice! Polarity, signal wires, heat shrink.

Secure Your Bot: Place your robot on a stand or upside down so the wheels are off the ground.
3. Power On Transmitter First: Always turn on your radio transmitter before powering on your robot.
4.
Engage Power Switch: Flip your bot’s power switch.
5. Test Drive: Slowly move your joysticks. Do the motors respond correctly? Do they spin in the right direction? If a motor spins backward
, swap its two wires.
6. Test Failsafes: With your bot powered on, turn off your transmitter. Your motors should stop immediately. This is a critical safety feature.

Step 6: Refine

and Secure

1. Cable Management: Use zip ties, velcro straps, or hot glue to secure all your wiring. Loose wires are vulnerable to impacts and vibration.
2. Component Mounting: Securely mount all your ESC
   s, receiver, and PDB. Velcro, double-sided foam tape, or small screws are common.
3. Armor Up: Once your electronics are working perfectly, install your armor and prepare for battle!

Remember,
this is a simplified guide. Each robot is unique, and you’ll learn a ton along the way. Don’t be afraid to ask questions, consult online forums, and watch more build videos. The “Maker’s Muse”
tutorial for a 3D-printed antweight pushbot is “very similar” to other guides but “simpler,” offering a “start to finish” guide. You’ve got this!

❓ Troubleshooting

Common Electronic Failures in the Arena

The arena is a brutal mistress, and even the most meticulously built robot can suffer electronic woes. When your bot suddenly goes limp, starts twitching, or refuses to move, it’s easy to panic. But
fear not, fellow bot builders! Our team at Robot Fighting™ has seen it all, and we’ve developed a systematic approach to troubleshooting common electronic failures. Remember, “small tweaks yield big benefits” and can be “the difference between
success and failure”.

Here’s how we tackle those frustrating electrical gremlins:

1. My Bot is Completely Dead! No Power, No Response.

• Check the Battery
  :

• Is it charged? Sounds obvious, but low battery voltage is a common culprit.

• Is it plugged in correctly? Double-check your XT30/XT60 connections.

• Is the battery damaged? Look for puffing, punctures, or bent terminals. A damaged LiPo is a fire hazard!

• Check the Main Power Switch:

• Is it ”
  ON”? Again, simple but overlooked.

• Is it faulty? Sometimes switches fail internally, especially after heavy impacts. Bypass it temporarily (carefully!) to see if power returns.

• Check Main
  Power Connections:

• Loose or broken wires? Trace the main power lines from the battery, through the switch, to your PDB or ESCs. Look for frayed wires, cold solder joints, or connectors that have pulled
  out.

• Blown Fuse (if applicable)? Some bots use fuses for protection. Check if it’s blown.

2. My Bot Powers On, But Doesn’t Respond to Controls.

Transmitter Issues:

• Is your transmitter ON?
• Is it bound to the receiver? Check your transmitter’s display or indicator lights. Re-bind if necessary.

Is the battery in the transmitter charged?

• Receiver Issues:

• Is the receiver getting power? Look for an LED on the receiver. If it’s off, check the UBEC or BEC connection
  from your ESC.

• Is the receiver damaged? A hard impact can sometimes kill a receiver.

• Is it correctly plugged into the ESCs? Ensure the signal wires are in the correct channels.

• ESC Signal Wires:

• Are the signal wires from the ESCs securely plugged into the receiver?

• Are the signal wires damaged? Frayed or cut wires will prevent commands
  from reaching the ESC.

3. Only One Side of My Drive Works, or My Weapon Doesn’t Spin.

• Check the Specific ESC:
• Is the ESC getting power? Look
  for an LED on the ESC. If it’s off, trace its power wires back to the PDB/battery.
• Is the ESC damaged? ESCs can burn out, especially under heavy load or after
  a short circuit. Look for burnt smells or visible damage.
• Is the ESC’s signal wire securely plugged into the receiver?
• Check the Motor:
• Is the motor physically
  jammed? A bent axle or debris can prevent it from spinning.
• Are the motor wires connected securely to the ESC?
• Is the motor itself burnt out? Sometimes motors just give up the ghost,
  especially brushed motors under extreme stress. You might smell burning or see discolored windings.
• Channel Mixing Issues (for Drive):
• If you’re using a mixer (either hardware or in your transmitter), ensure
  it’s configured correctly. Incorrect mixing can lead to one-sided drive or erratic behavior. The first YouTube video tutorial mentions the confusion around channel mixing and how it allows a single joystick to control both drive motors.

4. My Bot Works for a Bit, Then Stops (Brownouts or Intermittent Issues).

• Voltage Sag/Brownouts:
• Is your battery C-rating too low? If your battery can’
  t deliver enough current, the voltage will drop under load, causing your receiver to brown out.
• Are your wires too thin? Undersized wires have high resistance, causing voltage drop.
• Are
  your connectors loose or undersized? XT30 for antweights, XT60 for beetleweights is a good rule of thumb. JST connectors are NOT for main power!
• Do you have a Power Supply Protector (PSP)? These are crucial for preventing brownouts during impacts.
• Loose Connections:
• Vibration is a killer! Check all soldered joints and plug connections. A connection that seems fine when stationary might disconnect
  under the stress of combat.
• Cold solder joints: These look shiny and smooth but don’t have a good electrical connection. Re-solder them.
• Overheating:
• Are your ESC
  s or motors getting excessively hot? This indicates they are being overworked or improperly cooled. Ensure adequate airflow if possible, or consider upsizing components.
• Thermal shutdown: Many modern ESCs have thermal protection and will shut down temporarily
  to prevent damage.

5. My Bot is Behaving Erratically or Glitching.

• Radio Interference:
• Are there other bots on the same frequency (less common with 2.4GHz)?
• Is your receiver too close to noisy components? Keep your receiver away from ESCs, motors, and high-current wires.
• Damaged antenna? Ensure your receiver’s
  antenna is intact and properly routed.
• Damaged Components:
• A partially damaged ESC or receiver can lead to intermittent or erratic behavior. This is often the hardest to diagnose and might require swapping components.

The Golden
Rule of Troubleshooting: Isolate and Test!

When a problem arises, try to isolate the faulty component.

1. Simplify: Disconnect everything you don’t need to test the core functionality. For example, disconnect
   weapon motors to test drive.
2. Swap: If you have spare components (ESCs, motors, receivers), try swapping them one by one to see if the problem moves.
3. Visual Inspection: Look
   for anything obviously burnt, broken, or disconnected.
4. Multimeter: A multimeter is your best friend! Check battery voltage, continuity of wires, and voltage at various points in your circuit.

Troubleshooting is a skill
that improves with practice. Don’t get discouraged! Every failure is a learning opportunity, and successfully diagnosing and fixing a problem is incredibly satisfying. For more in-depth strategies, explore our Robot Battle Strategies section, as understanding how your bot fails can inform your future designs.